[Presentation] Nepal’s economic outlook for FY2015 and FY2016

Here is the presentation made during the press conference on Asian Development Outlook 2015 in Kathmandu.

ADO 2015 Nepal

Nepal’s economic outlook for FY2015 and FY2016

The economic outlook is less favorable than in FY2014 (ends 15 July 2014)  because agricultural output is crimped by a weak monsoon and the political situation is fluid. The Constituent Assembly, the second of which was elected in November 2013, failed again to write a new constitution, this time by the 22 January 2015 deadline agreed by all political parties. There is yet no unanimity among the political parties on how to proceed. Many of the outstanding issues that the earlier Constituent Assembly failed to resolve remain contentious, leaving uncertainty over the future course of politics regarding such basic matters as the number, names, and functions of proposed federal states, as well as on the overall structure of governance.

The weak monsoon and such natural disasters as floods and landslides will affect the output of paddy, maize, and millet. Industry may see better conditions in the medium term following the government’s strong commitment under the FY2015 budget to ease business regulations by introducing updated policies and legislation, though a downside risk is that the unsettled political environment will derail legislative action. Nevertheless, news from the power sector bolstered business and investor confidence. The government concluded project development agreements in the first half of FY2015 for two 900-megawatt hydroelectricity projects promoted by Indian investors.

Considering the unfavorable monsoon and the lingering political uncertainty, GDP growth is projected to slow to 4.6% in FY2015, less than the government’s revised target of 5.0%. The Ministry of Agricultural Development projects paddy output to drop by 5.1%, and maize by 6.0%. Almost half of growth will come from services, particularly robust growth in wholesale and retail trade, tourism, and transport and communications. The reform-oriented budget calls for higher capital expenditure and for total planned spending to increase to 23.7% of GDP, up by 5 percentage points. This should help to underpin growth, especially in construction, even if capital spending falls modestly short. Assuming a stable political situation, a normal monsoon, a timely budget and its effective execution, and strong remittance inflows, GDP growth is expected to rebound to 5.1% in FY2016.

Despite the expected agricultural shortfall—and an increase in civil service salaries and allowances for a second consecutive year—average inflation is expected to continue to slow to 7.7%, lower than the target set by the central bank in its 2015 monetary policy, as neighboring India experiences markedly lower inflation and the drop in international oil prices passes through as lower administered fuel prices. Food inflation is expected to ease somewhat but will remain elevated owing to the smaller domestic harvest. Inflation is projected to edge lower in FY2016 to 7.3% on a better harvest, broadly stable oil and commodity prices, and central bank’s progress in efforts to rein in excess bank liquidity.

The external position is expected to weaken in FY2015 with lower surpluses in the current account and overall balance of payments. Though export growth is expected to stay at 5.0% and import growth to slow to 10.0% on lower prices for petroleum imports, the improvement in the trade deficit will likely be offset by some slowing in remittance inflows, narrowing the current account surplus to 2.7% of GDP. A pickup in export growth, strong remittance inflows and tourism receipts, and continued low global oil prices are expected to boost the current account surplus to 3.5% of GDP in FY2016.

Adapted from Asian Development Outlook 2015, Nepal chapter.

Inclusive Economic Growth in Nepal

The Inclusive Economic Growth in Nepal paper was awarded runner up prize by JPAID. Announcement below:

Realizing the demographic dividend in Nepal

This blog post is adapted from Macroeconomic Update Nepal, February 2015.

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The Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) released new estimates for population for the next twenty years based on Population Census 2011. It shows that by 2031, Nepal’s population will hit 33.6 million in 2031, comprising of 51.4% female and 48.6% male. Similarly, urban population will reach 30.2% of total population in 2031 from 17.1% of total population in 2011. The country will still have a substantial share of population (69.8%) residing in rural areas as defined in the Population Census.

Total population is projected to grow by 1.4% until 2018, 1.3% over 2019-2021, 1.2% over 2022-2023, 1.1% over 2024-2025, 1.0% over 2026-2027, 0.9% over 2028-2029, and 0.8% over 2030-2031. The urban and rural population growth rates are projected to follow similar path.

The share of population of 15-49 age cohort is projected to increase from 50.6% in 2011 to 55.5% in 2031. Furthermore, the share of population below 24 years is projected to peak at 51.5% in 2018 and then gradually decline to 41.8% in 2031. The share of youth (15-24 years as per the UN definition) is projected to peak at 21.3% of total population in 2020 and then decline gradually to 16.4% of total population in 2031. According to the definition of youth prevalent in Nepal, the youth population (16-40 years) stood at 40.3% of total population 2011. This is expected to increase to 43.3% of total population in 2031.

The declining population growth rate and dependency ratio, rising life expectancy along with declining fertility and child mortality, and gradually peaking working age population or that of the youth population indicates that the country is reaching the unique point where it could exploit this demographic change to spur economic growth, provided that effective public policy is implemented. Else, this demographic bulge will continue to be a burden to the economy, resulting in more temporary out-migration for work overseas.

The economy needs to generate enough job opportunities by investing heavily in infrastructure (energy, transport, ICT, urban development) and human capital (quality and relevant education and healthcare) to galvanize the youth into building a strong and resilient economy, which should be characterized by a meaningful structural transformation and an accelerated inclusive economic growth process. The country will also have to effectively utilize knowledge, experience, and technology of other successful counties to ensure that such a process picks up high momentum in this short window of opportunity. Then only the youth will be able to more productive and competitive during their working years.